<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="content"> </span></span></p> <p>I swear this is the longest it&rsquo;s taken for an Intel architecture to penetrate the market. We first met Nehalem on November 3rd, 2008. It came to us as a high end quad-core processor and took a full year to make it to more affordable motherboards in the form of Lynnfield. Even with P55 motherboard prices down at the magical $99 marker, Intel relinquished control of the $100 - $200 CPU market without a Nehalem to compete down there. Instead we were left with a choice between Penryn, the update to Intel&rsquo;s 2006 Conroe architecture, or Phenom II, AMD&rsquo;s low-cost Nehalem competitor. The choice was simple.</p> <p><span class="content"> <p>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: small;">From $100 to $200, your best bet has been AMD. Either through aggressive pricing on quad-core CPUs or the L3-cache-less Athlon II line, AMD controls the $100 - $200 market. Today we meet Intel's first 32nm CPUs, codename Clarkdale, designed to specifically target that $100 - $200 market. </span></p> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="content"> <p>Technically Clarkdale isn&rsquo;t Nehalem, it&rsquo;s Westmere. Take Nehalem, use 32nm transistors, add in some new instructions for accelerating encryption/decryption, and you&rsquo;ve got the makings of Westmere.</p> </span></span><span class="content"> <p>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: small;">Clarkdale uses a dual-core Westmere and sticks it next to a 45nm Intel GMA die. That&rsquo;s right, meet the first (er, second) Intel CPU with on-chip graphics. Next year we&rsquo;ll see Sandy Bridge bring the graphics on-die, but until then we have Intel&rsquo;s tried and true multi-chip-package to tide us over.</span></p> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="content"> <p>We don&rsquo;t get on-die graphics yet because Intel still hasn&rsquo;t switched over to its make-everything-at-the-best-process-ever strategy. The 32nm fabs are ramping up with CPU production and the 45nm fabs need something to do. Nearly every desktop and laptop sold in 2010 will need one of these 45nm GMA die, so the fabs indeed have something to do.</p> </span></span><span class="content"> <p>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: small;">It&rsquo;s not all rosy with Clarkdale unfortunately. Remember the memory controller that Nehalem so graciously integrated? Clarkdale kicks it off die again. The IMC is housed in the 45nm GMA die. It&rsquo;s still on-package, but not on-die. The benefit is super fast memory access for the graphics core, but slower memory access for the CPU core. In fact, this is a derivative of the memory controller used in older Intel chipsets (e.g. P45/X48). <br /> </span></p> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="content"> <p>The CPU connects to the GMA die using QPI, so bandwidth shouldn&rsquo;t be as big of a problem. Latency is unfortunately hurt as a result. Access times can be longer than older LGA-775 processors thanks to this memory controller design being optimized for FSB architectures. Again, the problem goes away with Sandy Bridge, but today we&rsquo;re faced with it.</p> </span></span><span class="content"> <p>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: small;">Like Lynnfield, Clarkdale uses Intel&rsquo;s LGA-1156 socket. Clarkdale should work in all P55 motherboards, but you&rsquo;ll need a BIOS update. No existing P55 motherboards route video from the socket to a VGA/DVI/HDMI connector, so you&rsquo;ll need a new motherboard if you want to take advantage of the on-package graphics. Enter the H55, H57 and Q57 chipsets.</span></p> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="content">The H and Q-series of chipsets feature what Intel calls its Flexible Display Interface (FDI). This is basically a link between the CPU and the chipset that passes along video output. H5x/Q57 motherboards will have a video out on board so you can use Clarkdale&rsquo;s integrated graphics.<br /> </span><span class="content">Support for Intel&rsquo;s Rapid Storage Technology is probably the main reason you&rsquo;ll want H57 over H55. The difference between H57 and Q57 boils down to security and management features. The H-series is for consumers, the Q-series is for corporate customers. Make sense?</span><br /> </span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.anandtech.com/cpuchipsets/showdoc.aspx?i=3704">Read more...</a><br /> </span></p>